1) The United Nations was established in 1945, ________ the end of World War II, with the aim of preventing future conflicts.

2) Sarah: I've been thinking about changing careers. I've been in marketing for eight years now, but I feel like I need a new challenge. Michael: That's a big decision. What field are you considering? Sarah: I'm interested in web development. I've been taking some online courses in my free time. Michael: That's quite different from marketing. Are you sure you want to start from scratch in a new field? Sarah: ________

3) Sleep plays a vital role in physical and mental health, yet many people in modern society struggle with sleep deprivation. During sleep, the body repairs tissues, strengthens the immune system, and consolidates memories. Chronic sleep deficiency has been linked to increased risks of heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke. It also affects cognitive functions, impairing attention, decision-making, and creativity. ________

4) (I) Regular physical activity offers numerous health benefits, including improved cardiovascular health and stronger muscles and bones. (II) Exercise also helps control weight and reduces the risk of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer. (III) Many people find it difficult to incorporate regular exercise into their busy schedules. (IV) Professional athletes often train for several hours each day. (V) Additionally, physical activity has been shown to improve mental health by reducing anxiety and depression while enhancing overall mood. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

5) The team had to ________ the project due to unexpected budget cuts.

6) Psychologists suggest that maintaining strong social connections is essential for ________ well-being.

7) Recent advancements in battery technology have ________ the development of more efficient electric vehicles with longer ranges.

8) "Scientists are concerned about the rapid decline in bee populations." Which of the following sentences has a similar meaning?

9) The museum decided to ________ its collection with several newly discovered artifacts from the archaeological site.

10) Customer service has become increasingly important in today's competitive business environment. Companies that provide exceptional service often gain loyal customers who not only return but also recommend the business to others. Conversely, poor customer experiences can quickly damage a company's reputation, especially in the age of social media where negative reviews can reach thousands of potential customers instantly. What is the main idea of this paragraph?

11) Public transportation systems in major cities around the world are facing similar challenges. Growing urban populations increase demand for services while aging infrastructure requires significant investment for maintenance and upgrades. Environmental concerns are driving the need for cleaner technologies, even as budget constraints limit implementation options. Additionally, changing work patterns like remote work are affecting traditional commuter patterns. What is the main idea of this paragraph?

12) The development of antibiotics in the 20th century revolutionized medicine by providing effective treatments for bacterial infections that were previously often fatal. Alexander Fleming's accidental discovery of penicillin in 1928 led to the development of the first widely used antibiotic. Subsequent decades saw the creation of numerous other antibiotics that target different types of bacteria. However, the overuse and misuse of these medications have contributed to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. What is the main concern mentioned in the passage?

13) (I) The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, Australia, is the world's largest coral reef system. (II) It stretches over 2,300 kilometers and consists of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands. (III) Coral reefs form in warm, shallow waters where sunlight can penetrate to support the algae that live in symbiosis with coral polyps. (IV) Tourism to the Great Barrier Reef contributes approximately $6.4 billion annually to the Australian economy. (V) The reef is home to extraordinary biodiversity, including 1,500 species of fish, 4,000 types of mollusk, and 240 species of birds.

14) The World Health Organization (WHO) plays a crucial role in coordinating international health efforts, setting standards, and providing guidance on global health issues. Established in 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations, the WHO's primary objective is to ensure "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health." The organization monitors disease outbreaks, promotes universal healthcare coverage, and works to combat both communicable and non-communicable diseases worldwide. According to the passage, what is the main purpose of the WHO?

15) Urban farming has gained popularity in cities around the world as concerns about food security and environmental sustainability have increased. By growing food in urban spaces, from rooftop gardens to vertical farms, city dwellers can access fresh produce while reducing the carbon footprint associated with transporting food from rural areas. Urban farming also transforms unused spaces into productive green areas, improving air quality and providing habitats for pollinators. Communities benefit from the educational opportunities and social connections fostered through shared gardening projects. ________

16) Ocean acidification, caused by increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs. As seawater absorbs CO2, it becomes more acidic, making it difficult for coral and other marine organisms to build their calcium carbonate structures. This process can lead to the weakening and eventual death of coral reefs, which are often referred to as the "rainforests of the sea" due to their rich biodiversity. According to the passage, why are coral reefs particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification?

17) (I) Yoga originated in ancient India and has been practiced for thousands of years. (II) It combines physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation to promote physical and mental well-being. (III) Many scientific studies have documented the health benefits of regular yoga practice. (IV) Some people prefer high-intensity interval training for quick fitness results. (V) Today, yoga has become popular worldwide as a form of exercise and stress management. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

18) Despite the abundance of information available online, ________.

19) Although critics initially dismissed the novel as overly simplistic, it has stood the test of time and is now regarded as one of the most influential literary works of the 20th century.

20) The digital divide refers to the gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern information and communication technology and those that don't or have restricted access. This divide can exist between developed and developing countries, rural and urban areas, or different socioeconomic groups within the same country. Factors contributing to this gap include economic resources, geographic limitations, lack of digital literacy, and inadequate infrastructure. As more essential services move online, addressing the digital divide becomes increasingly important for ensuring equal opportunities. What is the main concern highlighted in this passage?

21) Despite the economic downturn, the company managed to maintain its profit margins through strategic cost-cutting measures.

22) Research suggests that regular physical activity can significantly reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases.

23) The report concludes that there is a strong correlation ________ education level and income potential.

24) After the flooding, local authorities worked quickly to ________ essential services in the affected areas.

25) The documentary ________ light on the previously unknown historical events.

26) Many people struggle to ________ work-related stress, which can lead to burnout if not properly managed.

27) Although renewable energy sources are becoming more affordable, ________.

28) Science education plays a vital role in developing critical thinking skills and scientific literacy among students. Effective science teaching goes beyond memorization of facts to include hands-on experiments, inquiry-based learning, and real-world applications. When students engage actively with scientific concepts, they develop a deeper understanding of how the world works and how to evaluate evidence-based claims. These skills are increasingly important in a society where scientific and technological issues impact many aspects of daily life. What is the main argument of this passage?

29) Scientists are working to ________ a cure for this rare disease.

30) Despite being ________ researched, the complex mechanisms of the human brain remain partially mysterious to scientists.

31) (I) Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. (II) During this process, water and carbon dioxide are used to produce glucose and oxygen. (III) The chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs light energy, primarily from the blue and red parts of the visible spectrum. (IV) Plants are essential for maintaining oxygen levels in the atmosphere. (V) The chemical reactions of photosynthesis take place in the chloroplasts, specifically in structures called thylakoids. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

32) The conference had to be ________ due to the severe weather conditions in the region.

33) The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, Australia, is the world's largest coral reef system. Stretching over 2,300 kilometers, it comprises over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands. This incredible ecosystem is home to more than 1,500 species of fish, 400 types of coral, 4,000 types of mollusk, and 240 species of birds. What is the primary purpose of this paragraph?

34) The unprecedented pace of technological change has transformed almost every aspect of modern life, creating both opportunities and challenges that previous generations could never have imagined.

35) (I) The development of writing systems was one of humanity's most transformative innovations. (II) Early writing emerged independently in several regions, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica. (III) Initially, writing was primarily used for administrative and economic purposes, such as recording taxes, inventories, and commercial transactions. (IV) The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, revolutionized the spread of written information. (V) As writing systems evolved, they enabled the preservation of knowledge, religious texts, literature, and historical records across generations.

36) Despite significant progress in renewable energy technology, fossil fuels still ________ for the majority of global energy consumption.

37) ________ advances in technology, modern healthcare has become more efficient and accessible.

38) The field of artificial intelligence has progressed rapidly in recent years, with applications ranging from voice assistants to autonomous vehicles. Machine learning algorithms now power recommendation systems, medical diagnostics, and financial forecasting tools. Natural language processing has enabled machines to understand and generate human language with increasing sophistication. Computer vision systems can identify objects, faces, and patterns in images with remarkable accuracy. ________

39) The price of the concert tickets ________ on the seating location and the popularity of the performer.

40) Many people find it difficult to ________ smoking once they've started.

41) Despite widespread awareness about the dangers of smoking, ________.

42) Customer: I recently purchased this laptop from your store, but it keeps shutting down unexpectedly.
Sales Representative: ________
Customer: Yes, I've tried that several times. It works for a while but then shuts down again.
Sales Representative: In that case, I think we should send it to our technical department for inspection.

43) Coffee was first discovered in Ethiopia, where legend has it that a goat herder noticed his goats becoming energetic after eating certain berries. By the 15th century, coffee was being cultivated in Yemen and by the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, Persia, and Turkey. Coffee houses soon became important social hubs where people gathered to discuss ideas. By the 17th century, coffee had made its way to Europe, where it fueled the Enlightenment era. According to the passage, how did coffee influence society beyond being a beverage?

44) Alex: I've been thinking about changing careers. I'm not satisfied with my current job.
Sarah: ________
Alex: I was considering something in digital marketing or web development.
Sarah: Those are growing fields with good opportunities. Have you looked into any training programs?

45) We need to carefully ________ all the options before making a final decision on this important matter.

46) Professional development is essential for employees to ________ their skills and advance in their careers.

47) The ancient Egyptians developed a sophisticated writing system known as hieroglyphics. This script consisted of pictorial symbols representing words, sounds, or concepts. For centuries, hieroglyphics remained undecipherable to modern scholars until the discovery of the Rosetta Stone in 1799. ________

48) While technological advancements have created new job opportunities in many sectors, ________.

49) Advances in genetic engineering have raised both hopes and concerns. On one hand, these technologies offer the potential to cure genetic diseases, increase crop yields, and develop new medications. On the other hand, they raise ethical questions about altering the fundamental building blocks of life and the potential for unintended consequences. ________

50) Uzaktan çalışma modeli, birçok şirkete maliyet tasarrufu sağlarken çalışanların iş-yaşam dengesi üzerinde olumlu bir etki yaratmaktadır.

51) Unless immediate action is taken to protect endangered species, ________.

52) Rather than relying on conventional methods, the researchers developed an innovative approach that yielded unexpected results.

53) The researchers ________ several important factors in their initial analysis.

54) Economists analyze various factors when ________ predictions about future market trends.

55) The tourism industry has experienced rapid growth in recent decades, becoming a significant economic driver for many countries. This expansion has created jobs, generated foreign exchange, and stimulated infrastructure development. ________

56) Despite significant advances in medical research, many rare diseases remain poorly understood, leaving patients and their families with limited treatment options and uncertain prognoses.

57) The invention of the printing press in the 15th century ________ to a dramatic increase in literacy rates across Europe.

58) The diplomatic negotiations finally ________ in a peace agreement between the two countries.

59) Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences, with roots in ancient civilizations that observed celestial patterns to track time and seasons. Early astronomers in Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and Greece mapped the stars and planets, creating calendars and navigation tools. The invention of the telescope in the 17th century revolutionized the field, allowing scientists like Galileo to make discoveries that challenged existing beliefs about our place in the universe. What is the main purpose of this passage?

60) Despite her initial reluctance, she eventually ________ to the idea of moving abroad for work.

61) (I) The modern Olympic Games were revived in Athens in 1896, inspired by the ancient Greek Olympics. (II) The event has grown from 241 athletes from 14 nations in 1896 to more than 11,000 athletes from over 200 countries in recent Games. (III) The Olympic symbol consists of five interlocking rings representing the union of five continents. (IV) Many ancient Greek philosophers wrote extensively about athletic competition. (V) Both Summer and Winter Olympic Games are now held every four years, with the two events alternating by occurring every two years. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

62) In 2015, countries around the world ________ to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.

63) Although renewable energy technologies have become more affordable in recent years, ________.

64) Researchers have found that bilingual children often demonstrate enhanced cognitive abilities in areas such as problem-solving, creative thinking, and multitasking compared to monolingual children. This cognitive advantage appears to stem from the regular mental exercise of managing two language systems. When bilingual individuals use one language, they must simultaneously suppress the other language, which strengthens their executive control system. These cognitive benefits extend beyond language processing to general cognitive functions and may even provide some protection against age-related cognitive decline. According to the passage, what advantage do bilingual children typically have?

65) Critics argue that without proper regulation, AI could potentially ________ privacy rights or even pose existential risks to humanity.

66) E-waste, or electronic waste, has become a growing environmental concern as technological devices become more prevalent and their lifecycles shorten. Discarded electronics often contain toxic materials such as lead, mercury, and cadmium that can leach into soil and water if improperly disposed of. Additionally, valuable materials like gold, silver, and rare earth elements in these devices are lost when they end up in landfills instead of being recovered through recycling. Based on the passage, what is one environmental issue associated with e-waste?

67) "The lack of affordable housing has become a critical issue in many urban areas." Which sentence has a similar meaning?

68) The human brain is remarkably adaptable. This characteristic, known as neuroplasticity, allows the brain to form new neural connections throughout life. When one part of the brain is damaged, other parts can often compensate by taking over functions. ________

69) The Renaissance was a period of unprecedented artistic and intellectual achievement in Europe. Beginning in Italy in the 14th century, it witnessed the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman knowledge and a new emphasis on human potential and achievement. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo created works that demonstrated mastery of anatomy, perspective, and emotional expression. Scholars developed new approaches to understanding the world, emphasizing observation and reason rather than relying solely on religious authority. The invention of the printing press in the mid-15th century accelerated the spread of new ideas throughout Europe. ________

70) The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century revolutionized the spread of information in Europe. Before this innovation, books were painstakingly copied by hand, making them expensive and accessible to only a privileged few. The printing press allowed for the mass production of books, significantly reducing their cost and increasing their availability. This democratization of knowledge played a crucial role in historical developments such as the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and the Protestant Reformation. What was the most significant impact of the printing press according to the passage?

71) According to the passage, how did the ancient Greeks explain creativity? The way we think about creativity has evolved significantly over time. The ancient Greeks believed that creativity was divine inspiration – literally the work of the Muses, goddesses who whispered ideas into the ears of artists and inventors. During the Renaissance, creativity became associated with exceptional individuals – the lone genius whose unique vision changed the world. This romantic notion persisted well into the 20th century.

72) (I) The periodic table of elements organizes all known chemical elements based on their properties and atomic structure. (II) It was developed by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it has been refined and expanded since then. (III) Elements in the same column (group) have similar chemical properties, while those in the same row (period) have the same number of electron shells. (IV) Chemistry students often find it challenging to memorize the entire periodic table. (V) The arrangement of elements allows scientists to predict the properties of elements, even those that had not yet been discovered when the table was first created. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

73) (I) Virtual reality (VR) technology creates immersive digital environments that users can interact with. (II) The technology uses specialized headsets that track head movements and display stereoscopic images to create the illusion of three-dimensional space. (III) Many people experience motion sickness when using VR for extended periods. (IV) Applications of VR extend beyond gaming to fields such as education, healthcare, architecture, and military training. (V) Some researchers believe VR has the potential to revolutionize how we learn by providing experiential education opportunities. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

74) Despite the government's efforts to reduce traffic congestion in the city center, ________.

75) Archaeologists have recently discovered artifacts that ________ new light on ancient civilizations previously thought to be less advanced.

76) It is crucial for policymakers, technologists, and ethicists to work together ________ ensure that AI development proceeds in a way that benefits society.

77) The documentary not only highlights environmental issues but also offers practical solutions for individual action.

78) Throughout history, the role of women in society has undergone significant transformation. In many ancient civilizations, women's roles were primarily centered around the home and family. During the Industrial Revolution, some women began entering the workforce, though often in limited and gender-specific roles. The 20th century saw major shifts with women's suffrage movements securing voting rights, and the post-World War II era bringing more women into diverse professional fields. Despite these advances, gender equality remains an ongoing global challenge. What is the main idea of this passage?

79) Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems learn from data, identifying patterns and making predictions or decisions without explicit programming for each specific task. Machine learning, a subset of AI, enables computers to improve their performance over time as they process more information. Deep learning, which uses neural networks with many layers, has driven recent advances in areas such as image and speech recognition. These technologies are increasingly being integrated into various applications, from virtual assistants to autonomous vehicles. According to the passage, how do AI systems improve their capabilities?

80) "The unexpected snowstorm forced them to cancel their hiking trip." Which sentence conveys a similar meaning?