1) Biodiversity refers to the variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat or ecosystem. High biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem stability and resilience. Each species plays a unique role in maintaining the balance of its environment, from pollination to soil fertility. When biodiversity decreases due to habitat destruction, pollution, or climate change, ecosystems become more vulnerable to disturbances and less able to provide essential services that humans depend on. Based on the passage, why is biodiversity important?

2) Not only did the novel win several prestigious literary awards, ________.

3) Despite the economic downturn, the company managed to maintain its profit margins through strategic cost-cutting measures.

4) Despite extensive research, scientists have not yet ________ a definitive cure for this particular disease.

5) Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power have seen significant growth in recent years. This transition away from fossil fuels is driven by several factors: increasing concerns about climate change, technological advancements that have made renewable energy more affordable, and government policies that incentivize clean energy development. However, challenges remain, including intermittency issues and the need for improved energy storage solutions. Based on the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor driving the growth of renewable energy?

6) Ocean acidification, caused by increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs. As seawater absorbs CO2, it becomes more acidic, making it difficult for coral and other marine organisms to build their calcium carbonate structures. This process can lead to the weakening and eventual death of coral reefs, which are often referred to as the "rainforests of the sea" due to their rich biodiversity. According to the passage, why are coral reefs particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification?

7) Receptionist: Good morning. How may I help you today?
Visitor: ________
Receptionist: Yes, Dr. Johnson is expecting you. Please have a seat, and I'll let her know you're here.
Visitor: Thank you very much.

8) Many people struggle to ________ work-related stress, which can lead to burnout if not properly managed.

9) By the time the ambulance arrived at the hospital, ________.

10) The report concludes that there is a strong correlation ________ education level and income potential.

11) Scientists agree that human activities, ________ the burning of fossil fuels, are the primary drivers of this warming trend.

12) Urban farming has gained popularity in cities around the world as concerns about food security and environmental sustainability have increased. By growing food in urban spaces, from rooftop gardens to vertical farms, city dwellers can access fresh produce while reducing the carbon footprint associated with transporting food from rural areas. Urban farming also transforms unused spaces into productive green areas, improving air quality and providing habitats for pollinators. Communities benefit from the educational opportunities and social connections fostered through shared gardening projects. ________

13) Sustainable agriculture aims to meet society's current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This approach integrates three main objectives: environmental health, economic profitability, and social equity. Sustainable farming practices include crop rotation, reduced tillage, precision farming, and integrated pest management. These methods help preserve soil fertility, conserve water, reduce pollution, and maintain biodiversity while still producing sufficient yields. What is the main purpose of sustainable agriculture according to the passage?

14) Despite these advancements, there are concerns ________ the ethical implications of AI development.

15) The United Nations was established in 1945, ________ the end of World War II, with the aim of preventing future conflicts.

16) The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century revolutionized the spread of information in Europe. Before this innovation, books were painstakingly copied by hand, making them expensive and accessible to only a privileged few. The printing press allowed for the mass production of books, significantly reducing their cost and increasing their availability. This democratization of knowledge played a crucial role in historical developments such as the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and the Protestant Reformation. What was the most significant impact of the printing press according to the passage?

17) Teacher: We need to choose a student to represent our school at the regional science competition next month. Principal: What about Emily? She won the school science fair last semester. Teacher: Emily is very talented, but she's already committed to the debate team competition that falls on the same weekend. Principal: ________

18) Critics argue that without proper regulation, AI could potentially ________ privacy rights or even pose existential risks to humanity.

19) Sleep plays a vital role in physical and mental health, yet many people in modern society struggle with sleep deprivation. During sleep, the body repairs tissues, strengthens the immune system, and consolidates memories. Chronic sleep deficiency has been linked to increased risks of heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke. It also affects cognitive functions, impairing attention, decision-making, and creativity. ________

20) "The conference was postponed due to unforeseen circumstances." Which sentence has the most similar meaning?

21) Urbanization has accelerated rapidly in the past century, with more than half of the world's population now living in cities. This shift has created both opportunities and challenges. Cities offer better access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. However, rapid urban growth has also led to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and infrastructure strain. What is the main topic of this paragraph?

22) Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences, with roots in ancient civilizations that observed celestial patterns to track time and seasons. Early astronomers in Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and Greece mapped the stars and planets, creating calendars and navigation tools. The invention of the telescope in the 17th century revolutionized the field, allowing scientists like Galileo to make discoveries that challenged existing beliefs about our place in the universe. What is the main purpose of this passage?

23) Paleontologists study fossils to ________ information about extinct species and ancient ecosystems.

24) "The economic recession has had a profound impact on small businesses." Which of the following sentences has the most similar meaning?

25) (I) The modern Olympic Games were revived in Athens in 1896, inspired by the ancient Greek Olympics. (II) The event has grown from 241 athletes from 14 nations in 1896 to more than 11,000 athletes from over 200 countries in recent Games. (III) The Olympic symbol consists of five interlocking rings representing the union of five continents. (IV) Many ancient Greek philosophers wrote extensively about athletic competition. (V) Both Summer and Winter Olympic Games are now held every four years, with the two events alternating by occurring every two years. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

26) Haberlere göre, hükümet yeni bir ekonomik reform paketi açıklamayı planlıyor.

27) Scientists are working to ________ a cure for this rare disease.

28) Customer: Excuse me, I purchased this laptop here last week, and it keeps shutting down unexpectedly. Store employee: I'm sorry to hear that. Do you have your receipt with you? Customer: Yes, here it is. I've tried troubleshooting the problem myself, but nothing seems to work. Store employee: ________

29) The teacher asked the students to ________ the difficult passage in the text to understand its meaning.

30) According to the passage, how did the ancient Greeks explain creativity? The way we think about creativity has evolved significantly over time. The ancient Greeks believed that creativity was divine inspiration – literally the work of the Muses, goddesses who whispered ideas into the ears of artists and inventors. During the Renaissance, creativity became associated with exceptional individuals – the lone genius whose unique vision changed the world. This romantic notion persisted well into the 20th century.

31) Sleep plays a crucial role in physical health, cognitive function, and emotional well-being. During sleep, the body repairs tissues, strengthens the immune system, and consolidates memories. Chronic sleep deprivation has been linked to numerous health problems, including increased risk of heart disease, obesity, and diabetes. Additionally, lack of adequate sleep can impair judgment, slow reaction time, and affect mood regulation. According to the passage, what is one consequence of insufficient sleep?

32) Archaeologists have recently discovered artifacts that ________ new light on ancient civilizations previously thought to be less advanced.

33) The Great Wall of China, stretching over 13,000 miles, was built over centuries by various Chinese dynasties. Construction began in the 7th century BCE during the Zhou dynasty and continued through the Ming dynasty in the 16th century CE. The primary purpose of this massive structure was to protect Chinese states and empires from nomadic invasions from the north. Today, the Great Wall stands as one of the most impressive architectural feats in human history and attracts millions of tourists annually. According to the passage, what was the main reason for building the Great Wall of China?

34) The Galapagos Islands, located in the Pacific Ocean, are known for their unique wildlife that helped Charles Darwin develop his theory of evolution. The islands are home to giant tortoises, marine iguanas, and various species of finches that have adapted to different ecological niches. Due to their isolation, many of these species are found nowhere else on Earth. What is the main idea of this paragraph?

35) The company decided to ________ the launch of its new product due to technical issues.

36) The museum decided to ________ its collection with several newly discovered artifacts from the archaeological site.

37) The effects of climate change vary widely across different regions of the world. Coastal areas face rising sea levels and increased flooding, while inland regions may experience more severe droughts and heat waves. Polar regions are seeing rapid ice melt, affecting both local ecosystems and global sea levels. Some agricultural areas are dealing with changing growing seasons and unpredictable rainfall patterns. What is the main idea of this paragraph?

38) Public transportation systems in major cities around the world are facing similar challenges. Growing urban populations increase demand for services while aging infrastructure requires significant investment for maintenance and upgrades. Environmental concerns are driving the need for cleaner technologies, even as budget constraints limit implementation options. Additionally, changing work patterns like remote work are affecting traditional commuter patterns. What is the main idea of this paragraph?

39) The committee is currently ________ proposals for the new community project.

40) Regular exercise not only improves physical health but also ________ mental well-being.

41) Today, AI systems can perform tasks that ________ human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, and decision-making.

42) (I) Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. (II) During this process, water and carbon dioxide are used to produce glucose and oxygen. (III) The chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs light energy, primarily from the blue and red parts of the visible spectrum. (IV) Plants are essential for maintaining oxygen levels in the atmosphere. (V) The chemical reactions of photosynthesis take place in the chloroplasts, specifically in structures called thylakoids. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

43) The government's new education policy aims to ________ equal opportunities for students from all socioeconomic backgrounds.

44) Had the researchers known about the potential side effects, ________.

45) Doctor: Your test results show that your cholesterol levels are higher than they should be. Patient: Is that serious? Should I be worried? Doctor: It's not an immediate health crisis, but it is something we should address to prevent potential problems in the future. Patient: What do you recommend I do? Doctor: ________

46) The development of antibiotics in the 20th century revolutionized medicine by providing effective treatments for bacterial infections that were previously often fatal. Alexander Fleming's accidental discovery of penicillin in 1928 led to the development of the first widely used antibiotic. Subsequent decades saw the creation of numerous other antibiotics that target different types of bacteria. However, the overuse and misuse of these medications have contributed to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. What is the main concern mentioned in the passage?

47) As technology continues to advance at an unprecedented rate, ________.

48) The detective was determined to ________ the truth about what happened that night.

49) The World Health Organization (WHO) plays a crucial role in coordinating international health efforts, setting standards, and providing guidance on global health issues. Established in 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations, the WHO's primary objective is to ensure "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health." The organization monitors disease outbreaks, promotes universal healthcare coverage, and works to combat both communicable and non-communicable diseases worldwide. According to the passage, what is the main purpose of the WHO?

50) Space exploration has led to numerous technological innovations that benefit everyday life. Satellites enable global communications and navigation systems. Weather forecasting has improved significantly due to orbital monitoring systems. ________

51) The meeting had to be ________ because several key participants were unable to attend.

52) It is crucial for policymakers, technologists, and ethicists to work together ________ ensure that AI development proceeds in a way that benefits society.

53) The team had to ________ the project due to unexpected budget cuts.

54) Despite the abundance of information available online, ________.

55) According to the passage, approximately what fraction of the world's languages are at risk of disappearing by the end of this century? Language extinction is occurring at an unprecedented rate, with some estimates suggesting that of the approximately 7,000 languages currently spoken worldwide, nearly half will disappear by the end of this century. The causes of this linguistic crisis are complex and interrelated. Globalization has led to the dominance of a few major languages in international communication, media, and commerce.

56) High-quality education should be ________ to all children regardless of their socioeconomic background.

57) Although renewable energy sources are becoming more affordable, ________.

58) Researchers have found that bilingual children often demonstrate enhanced cognitive abilities in areas such as problem-solving, creative thinking, and multitasking compared to monolingual children. This cognitive advantage appears to stem from the regular mental exercise of managing two language systems. When bilingual individuals use one language, they must simultaneously suppress the other language, which strengthens their executive control system. These cognitive benefits extend beyond language processing to general cognitive functions and may even provide some protection against age-related cognitive decline. According to the passage, what advantage do bilingual children typically have?

59) Advances in genetic engineering have raised both hopes and concerns. On one hand, these technologies offer the potential to cure genetic diseases, increase crop yields, and develop new medications. On the other hand, they raise ethical questions about altering the fundamental building blocks of life and the potential for unintended consequences. ________

60) "The implementation of the new policy has been delayed indefinitely." Which sentence has the most similar meaning?

61) Rather than relying on conventional methods, the researchers developed an innovative approach that yielded unexpected results.

62) The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface. Water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and rivers due to solar heating, rises into the atmosphere as water vapor, and forms clouds. When the water droplets in clouds grow large enough, they fall back to Earth as precipitation in the form of rain, snow, or hail. Some of this water flows into rivers and ultimately returns to the oceans, while some seeps into the ground as groundwater. What is the primary focus of this paragraph?

63) The Nobel Prize is annually awarded to individuals who have made outstanding contributions in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace, and economic sciences. Established by Alfred Nobel, a Swedish inventor and businessman, the prizes were first awarded in 1901. Each laureate receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money determined by the Nobel Foundation. Over the years, the Nobel Prize has become one of the most prestigious awards in the world, recognizing groundbreaking work that has significantly benefited humanity. What is the main purpose of this passage?

64) Customer: I recently purchased this laptop from your store, but it keeps shutting down unexpectedly.
Sales Representative: ________
Customer: Yes, I've tried that several times. It works for a while but then shuts down again.
Sales Representative: In that case, I think we should send it to our technical department for inspection.

65) Throughout history, libraries have served as repositories of knowledge and centers of learning. From the ancient Library of Alexandria to modern digital collections, these institutions have preserved and provided access to information across generations. Today, libraries continue to evolve, offering not just books but also serving as community spaces, providing internet access, hosting educational programs, and adapting to meet the changing needs of society. What is the central theme of this passage?

66) Customer service has become increasingly important in today's competitive business environment. Companies that provide exceptional service often gain loyal customers who not only return but also recommend the business to others. Conversely, poor customer experiences can quickly damage a company's reputation, especially in the age of social media where negative reviews can reach thousands of potential customers instantly. What is the main idea of this paragraph?

67) While technological advancements have created new job opportunities in many sectors, ________.

68) "The unexpected snowstorm forced them to cancel their hiking trip." Which sentence conveys a similar meaning?

69) (I) The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century. (II) It marked a major turning point in history, influencing almost every aspect of daily life. (III) The transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing processes, and the increasing use of steam power. (IV) Steam engines were first used in coal mines to pump water from deep shafts. (V) The development of photography was one of the most significant cultural achievements of the 19th century. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

70) The diplomatic negotiations finally ________ in a peace agreement between the two countries.

71) The meeting has been ________ from Tuesday to Thursday due to scheduling conflicts.

72) Democracy is generally defined as a system of government in which power resides with the citizens, who exercise it either directly or through freely elected representatives. This form of governance emerged in ancient Athens in the 5th century BCE, though it was limited to male citizens and excluded women, slaves, and foreigners. Modern democracies vary in their specific structures but typically share core principles such as free and fair elections, protection of human rights, and the rule of law. What is the main idea of this paragraph?

73) According to the passage, what does recent brain imaging research show about placebos? The placebo effect is a fascinating phenomenon in which patients experience real improvements in their symptoms after receiving a treatment with no active medical ingredients. For decades, this effect was considered merely a nuisance in clinical trials – something to be controlled for when testing the efficacy of "real" treatments. However, recent research has dramatically changed our understanding of placebos. Brain imaging studies have shown that placebos can trigger the release of endorphins, the body's natural painkillers, and can activate the same neural pathways as active medications.

74) (I) Virtual reality (VR) technology creates immersive digital environments that users can interact with. (II) The technology uses specialized headsets that track head movements and display stereoscopic images to create the illusion of three-dimensional space. (III) Many people experience motion sickness when using VR for extended periods. (IV) Applications of VR extend beyond gaming to fields such as education, healthcare, architecture, and military training. (V) Some researchers believe VR has the potential to revolutionize how we learn by providing experiential education opportunities. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

75) The results of the experiment were ________ than the scientists had initially predicted.

76) To address this crisis, countries around the world ________ the Paris Agreement in 2015.

77) Even though the deadline was extended, ________.

78) Alex: I've been thinking about changing careers. I'm not satisfied with my current job.
Sarah: ________
Alex: I was considering something in digital marketing or web development.
Sarah: Those are growing fields with good opportunities. Have you looked into any training programs?

79) "Scientists are concerned about the rapid decline in bee populations." Which of the following sentences has a similar meaning?

80) The Earth's average surface temperature has increased by about 1.1°C since the pre-industrial era, ________ to the melting of polar ice caps.