1) According to the passage, approximately what fraction of the world's languages are at risk of disappearing by the end of this century? Language extinction is occurring at an unprecedented rate, with some estimates suggesting that of the approximately 7,000 languages currently spoken worldwide, nearly half will disappear by the end of this century. The causes of this linguistic crisis are complex and interrelated. Globalization has led to the dominance of a few major languages in international communication, media, and commerce.

2) Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences, with roots in ancient civilizations that observed celestial patterns to track time and seasons. Early astronomers in Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and Greece mapped the stars and planets, creating calendars and navigation tools. The invention of the telescope in the 17th century revolutionized the field, allowing scientists like Galileo to make discoveries that challenged existing beliefs about our place in the universe. What is the main purpose of this passage?

3) It is crucial for policymakers, technologists, and ethicists to work together ________ ensure that AI development proceeds in a way that benefits society.

4) The conservation of endangered species requires a multifaceted approach. Habitat protection is essential, as many species face extinction primarily due to loss of their natural environments. Legal measures, such as anti-poaching laws and international trade restrictions, help combat direct threats to vulnerable populations. Additionally, captive breeding programs can help rebuild critically endangered species while research provides vital information about their needs and behaviors. What does the passage suggest is necessary for successful species conservation?

5) The Earth's average surface temperature has increased by about 1.1°C since the pre-industrial era, ________ to the melting of polar ice caps.

6) "The lack of affordable housing has become a critical issue in many urban areas." Which sentence has a similar meaning?

7) Artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by improving diagnostic accuracy and ________ treatment plans.

8) The meeting had to be ________ because several key participants were unable to attend.

9) Critics argue that without proper regulation, AI could potentially ________ privacy rights or even pose existential risks to humanity.

10) What is the main idea of this passage? The concept of "food miles" – the distance food travels from where it is grown to where it is consumed – has become an important consideration for environmentally conscious consumers. The underlying assumption is that locally produced food has a smaller carbon footprint because it requires less transportation. However, recent studies suggest that the relationship between food miles and environmental impact is more complex than initially thought. Transportation accounts for only about 11% of food's total greenhouse gas emissions, with production methods often having a much larger impact. For example, vegetables grown locally in heated greenhouses can have a higher carbon footprint than those imported from regions where they grow naturally with less energy input.

11) "The economic recession has had a profound impact on small businesses." Which of the following sentences has the most similar meaning?

12) While the internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information, ________.

13) The results of the experiment were ________ than the scientists had initially predicted.

14) Although critics initially dismissed the novel as overly simplistic, it has stood the test of time and is now regarded as one of the most influential literary works of the 20th century.

15) Urban farming has gained popularity in cities around the world as concerns about food security and environmental sustainability have increased. By growing food in urban spaces, from rooftop gardens to vertical farms, city dwellers can access fresh produce while reducing the carbon footprint associated with transporting food from rural areas. Urban farming also transforms unused spaces into productive green areas, improving air quality and providing habitats for pollinators. Communities benefit from the educational opportunities and social connections fostered through shared gardening projects. ________

16) Throughout history, libraries have served as repositories of knowledge and centers of learning. From the ancient Library of Alexandria to modern digital collections, these institutions have preserved and provided access to information across generations. Today, libraries continue to evolve, offering not just books but also serving as community spaces, providing internet access, hosting educational programs, and adapting to meet the changing needs of society. What is the central theme of this passage?

17) Despite her initial reluctance, she eventually ________ to the idea of moving abroad for work.

18) (I) Coffee is one of the world's most popular beverages, with over two billion cups consumed daily. (II) The coffee plant originated in Ethiopia, where legend says its energizing effects were first discovered by a goat herder who noticed his animals becoming unusually active after eating the berries. (III) From Ethiopia, coffee cultivation spread to the Arabian Peninsula, then to Europe, and eventually to plantations throughout the tropics. (IV) Tea contains less caffeine than coffee and is the preferred beverage in many Asian countries. (V) Today, Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer, followed by Vietnam and Colombia.

19) The artist's new exhibition ________ praise from critics for its innovative approach and thought-provoking themes.

20) ________ than to deal with the consequences of poor planning afterward.

21) Scientists need to ________ more research before drawing definitive conclusions about the long-term effects of this medication.

22) The price of the concert tickets ________ on the seating location and the popularity of the performer.

23) While technological advancements have created new job opportunities in many sectors, ________.

24) Although renewable energy sources are becoming more affordable, ________.

25) The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved significantly ________ its inception in the 1950s.

26) Teacher: We need to choose a student to represent our school at the regional science competition next month. Principal: What about Emily? She won the school science fair last semester. Teacher: Emily is very talented, but she's already committed to the debate team competition that falls on the same weekend. Principal: ________

27) Professional development is essential for employees to ________ their skills and advance in their careers.

28) The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century revolutionized the spread of information in Europe. Before this innovation, books were painstakingly copied by hand, making them expensive and accessible to only a privileged few. The printing press allowed for the mass production of books, significantly reducing their cost and increasing their availability. This democratization of knowledge played a crucial role in historical developments such as the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and the Protestant Reformation. What was the most significant impact of the printing press according to the passage?

29) The human brain is remarkably adaptable. This characteristic, known as neuroplasticity, allows the brain to form new neural connections throughout life. When one part of the brain is damaged, other parts can often compensate by taking over functions. ________

30) "Despite the heavy rain, they decided to continue with the outdoor event." Which sentence conveys a similar meaning?

31) The report concludes that there is a strong correlation ________ education level and income potential.

32) Although renewable energy technologies have become more affordable in recent years, ________.

33) Despite significant advances in medical research, many rare diseases remain poorly understood, leaving patients and their families with limited treatment options and uncertain prognoses.

34) Despite numerous studies on the topic, researchers still don't fully understand the mechanisms ________ certain diseases develop.

35) In 2015, countries around the world ________ to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.

36) We need to carefully ________ all the options before making a final decision on this important matter.

37) Not only did the novel win several prestigious literary awards, ________.

38) (I) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. (II) It takes place primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells, particularly in the leaves. (III) Carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis. (IV) Many animals rely on plants as their primary food source. (V) The process produces glucose as an energy source and oxygen as a byproduct. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

39) The history of chocolate dates back to ancient Mesoamerican civilizations like the Olmec, Maya, and Aztec, who consumed chocolate as a bitter drink rather than the sweet confection we know today. The cacao beans were so valuable that they were used as currency by these civilizations. Europeans were introduced to chocolate in the 16th century when Spanish conquistadors brought it back from the Americas. ________

40) Although advancements in medical technology have led to improved diagnostic tools and treatment options, ________.

41) The company decided to ________ the new product launch until they had resolved all technical issues.

42) Space exploration has led to numerous technological innovations that benefit everyday life. Satellites enable global communications and navigation systems. Weather forecasting has improved significantly due to orbital monitoring systems. ________

43) Climate change is ________ having significant impacts on ecosystems worldwide.

44) Despite the abundance of information available online, ________.

45) The detective was determined to ________ the truth about what happened that night.

46) According to the passage, how did the ancient Greeks explain creativity? The way we think about creativity has evolved significantly over time. The ancient Greeks believed that creativity was divine inspiration – literally the work of the Muses, goddesses who whispered ideas into the ears of artists and inventors. During the Renaissance, creativity became associated with exceptional individuals – the lone genius whose unique vision changed the world. This romantic notion persisted well into the 20th century.

47) Customer: Excuse me, I purchased this laptop here last week, and it keeps shutting down unexpectedly. Store employee: I'm sorry to hear that. Do you have your receipt with you? Customer: Yes, here it is. I've tried troubleshooting the problem myself, but nothing seems to work. Store employee: ________

48) Despite widespread awareness about the dangers of smoking, ________.

49) The unprecedented pace of technological change has transformed almost every aspect of modern life, creating both opportunities and challenges that previous generations could never have imagined.

50) The Galapagos Islands, located in the Pacific Ocean, are known for their unique wildlife that helped Charles Darwin develop his theory of evolution. The islands are home to giant tortoises, marine iguanas, and various species of finches that have adapted to different ecological niches. Due to their isolation, many of these species are found nowhere else on Earth. What is the main idea of this paragraph?

51) "The unexpected snowstorm forced them to cancel their hiking trip." Which sentence conveys a similar meaning?

52) Economists analyze various factors when ________ predictions about future market trends.

53) Science education plays a vital role in developing critical thinking skills and scientific literacy among students. Effective science teaching goes beyond memorization of facts to include hands-on experiments, inquiry-based learning, and real-world applications. When students engage actively with scientific concepts, they develop a deeper understanding of how the world works and how to evaluate evidence-based claims. These skills are increasingly important in a society where scientific and technological issues impact many aspects of daily life. What is the main argument of this passage?

54) The researchers ________ several important factors in their initial analysis.

55) Many people find it difficult to ________ smoking once they've started.

56) (I) The development of writing systems was one of humanity's most transformative innovations. (II) Early writing emerged independently in several regions, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica. (III) Initially, writing was primarily used for administrative and economic purposes, such as recording taxes, inventories, and commercial transactions. (IV) The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, revolutionized the spread of written information. (V) As writing systems evolved, they enabled the preservation of knowledge, religious texts, literature, and historical records across generations.

57) Customer service has become increasingly important in today's competitive business environment. Companies that provide exceptional service often gain loyal customers who not only return but also recommend the business to others. Conversely, poor customer experiences can quickly damage a company's reputation, especially in the age of social media where negative reviews can reach thousands of potential customers instantly. What is the main idea of this paragraph?

58) "The implementation of the new policy has been delayed indefinitely." Which sentence has the most similar meaning?

59) Doctor: Your test results show that your cholesterol levels are higher than they should be.
Patient: ________
Doctor: Well, I'd recommend starting with some lifestyle changes. Try to incorporate more exercise into your routine and reduce your intake of saturated fats.
Patient: I see. Is medication necessary at this point?

60) Alex: I've been thinking about changing careers. I'm not satisfied with my current job.
Sarah: ________
Alex: I was considering something in digital marketing or web development.
Sarah: Those are growing fields with good opportunities. Have you looked into any training programs?

61) The tourism industry has experienced rapid growth in recent decades, becoming a significant economic driver for many countries. This expansion has created jobs, generated foreign exchange, and stimulated infrastructure development. ________

62) Soru metni

63) Person A: I've been feeling really stressed lately with everything going on at work.
Person B: ________
Person A: I've tried that, but I still find myself thinking about work even when I'm supposed to be relaxing.
Person B: Maybe talking to a professional might help. Sometimes an outside perspective can make a big difference.

64) (I) The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, Australia, is the world's largest coral reef system. (II) It stretches over 2,300 kilometers and consists of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands. (III) Coral reefs form in warm, shallow waters where sunlight can penetrate to support the algae that live in symbiosis with coral polyps. (IV) Tourism to the Great Barrier Reef contributes approximately $6.4 billion annually to the Australian economy. (V) The reef is home to extraordinary biodiversity, including 1,500 species of fish, 4,000 types of mollusk, and 240 species of birds.

65) The United Nations was established in 1945, ________ the end of World War II, with the aim of preventing future conflicts.

66) Despite significant progress in renewable energy technology, fossil fuels still ________ for the majority of global energy consumption.

67) (I) Coffee is one of the world's most popular beverages, with millions of people enjoying it daily. (II) The beans are actually seeds from coffee cherries, which grow on trees in tropical regions. (III) After harvesting, the beans undergo processing, roasting, and grinding before brewing. (IV) Tea contains less caffeine than coffee and is the preferred morning drink in many Asian countries. (V) The flavor profile of coffee can vary greatly depending on factors such as the bean variety, growing conditions, and roasting method. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

68) The team had to ________ the project due to unexpected budget cuts.

69) Günümüzde, bilgi teknolojileri hayatımızın her alanında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır.

70) The company decided to ________ the launch of its new product due to technical issues.

71) (I) Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. (II) Using chlorophyll to capture sunlight, these organisms transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. (III) This biochemical process is fundamental to life on Earth, producing the oxygen we breathe and forming the base of most food chains. (IV) Cellular respiration is the opposite process, breaking down glucose to release energy, carbon dioxide, and water. (V) Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest has accelerated in recent years due to agricultural expansion, logging, and infrastructure development.

72) Archaeologists have recently discovered artifacts that ________ new light on ancient civilizations previously thought to be less advanced.

73) Climate change is altering ecosystems at an unprecedented rate. Rising temperatures are causing glaciers to melt, contributing to sea level rise that threatens coastal communities. Changing precipitation patterns are leading to more frequent and severe droughts in some regions and flooding in others. Wildlife is also being affected, with many species struggling to adapt to rapidly changing habitats. Some are shifting their ranges toward cooler areas, while others face possible extinction. Which of the following best summarizes the main point of this passage?

74) The committee is currently ________ proposals for the new community project.

75) Her zaman çevre dostu ürünler kullanmaya ve atıklarımı geri dönüştürmeye özen gösteriyorum.

76) As digital technology continues to evolve, traditional industries must adapt to remain competitive in the changing marketplace.

77) The early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China all developed along major river valleys. These waterways provided fertile soil for agriculture, a consistent water supply, and transportation routes for trade. River-based agriculture produced food surpluses that allowed populations to grow and specialization of labor to develop. This specialization contributed to technological advances, the rise of cities, and the emergence of complex social and political structures. What is the main idea of this passage?

78) The meeting has been ________ from Tuesday to Thursday due to scheduling conflicts.

79) By the time the ambulance arrived at the hospital, ________.

80) The diplomatic negotiations finally ________ in a peace agreement between the two countries.