1) It is crucial for policymakers, technologists, and ethicists to work together ________ ensure that AI development proceeds in a way that benefits society.

2) Despite significant progress in renewable energy technology, fossil fuels still ________ for the majority of global energy consumption.

3) Although electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular, ________.

4) The company decided to ________ the new product launch until they had resolved all technical issues.

5) "Despite the heavy rain, they decided to continue with the outdoor event." Which sentence conveys a similar meaning?

6) Paleontologists study fossils to ________ information about extinct species and ancient ecosystems.

7) Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems learn from data, identifying patterns and making predictions or decisions without explicit programming for each specific task. Machine learning, a subset of AI, enables computers to improve their performance over time as they process more information. Deep learning, which uses neural networks with many layers, has driven recent advances in areas such as image and speech recognition. These technologies are increasingly being integrated into various applications, from virtual assistants to autonomous vehicles. According to the passage, how do AI systems improve their capabilities?

8) Biodiversity refers to the variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat or ecosystem. High biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem stability and resilience. Each species plays a unique role in maintaining the balance of its environment, from pollination to soil fertility. When biodiversity decreases due to habitat destruction, pollution, or climate change, ecosystems become more vulnerable to disturbances and less able to provide essential services that humans depend on. Based on the passage, why is biodiversity important?

9) The early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China all developed along major river valleys. These waterways provided fertile soil for agriculture, a consistent water supply, and transportation routes for trade. River-based agriculture produced food surpluses that allowed populations to grow and specialization of labor to develop. This specialization contributed to technological advances, the rise of cities, and the emergence of complex social and political structures. What is the main idea of this passage?

10) The unprecedented pace of technological change has transformed almost every aspect of modern life, creating both opportunities and challenges that previous generations could never have imagined.

11) Research suggests that regular physical activity can significantly reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases.

12) (I) Coffee is one of the world's most popular beverages, with over two billion cups consumed daily. (II) The coffee plant originated in Ethiopia, where legend says its energizing effects were first discovered by a goat herder who noticed his animals becoming unusually active after eating the berries. (III) From Ethiopia, coffee cultivation spread to the Arabian Peninsula, then to Europe, and eventually to plantations throughout the tropics. (IV) Tea contains less caffeine than coffee and is the preferred beverage in many Asian countries. (V) Today, Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer, followed by Vietnam and Colombia.

13) Advances in genetic engineering have raised both hopes and concerns. On one hand, these technologies offer the potential to cure genetic diseases, increase crop yields, and develop new medications. On the other hand, they raise ethical questions about altering the fundamental building blocks of life and the potential for unintended consequences. ________

14) The museum decided to ________ its collection with several newly discovered artifacts from the archaeological site.

15) Although critics initially dismissed the novel as overly simplistic, it has stood the test of time and is now regarded as one of the most influential literary works of the 20th century.

16) The detective was determined to ________ the truth about what happened that night.

17) Nuclear energy remains a controversial source of power worldwide. Proponents argue that nuclear plants produce large amounts of electricity with minimal greenhouse gas emissions, making them valuable in combating climate change. Critics, however, point to concerns about radioactive waste disposal, the potential for catastrophic accidents like those at Chernobyl and Fukushima, and the high costs of plant construction and decommissioning. What is the primary focus of this paragraph?

18) After the scandal, the company tried to ________ its damaged reputation.

19) (I) The modern Olympic Games were revived in Athens in 1896, inspired by the ancient Greek Olympics. (II) The event has grown from 241 athletes from 14 nations in 1896 to more than 11,000 athletes from over 200 countries in recent Games. (III) The Olympic symbol consists of five interlocking rings representing the union of five continents. (IV) Many ancient Greek philosophers wrote extensively about athletic competition. (V) Both Summer and Winter Olympic Games are now held every four years, with the two events alternating by occurring every two years. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

20) (I) Coffee is one of the world's most popular beverages, with millions of people enjoying it daily. (II) The beans are actually seeds from coffee cherries, which grow on trees in tropical regions. (III) After harvesting, the beans undergo processing, roasting, and grinding before brewing. (IV) Tea contains less caffeine than coffee and is the preferred morning drink in many Asian countries. (V) The flavor profile of coffee can vary greatly depending on factors such as the bean variety, growing conditions, and roasting method. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

21) The World Health Organization (WHO) plays a crucial role in coordinating international health efforts, setting standards, and providing guidance on global health issues. Established in 1948 as a specialized agency of the United Nations, the WHO's primary objective is to ensure "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health." The organization monitors disease outbreaks, promotes universal healthcare coverage, and works to combat both communicable and non-communicable diseases worldwide. According to the passage, what is the main purpose of the WHO?

22) The team had to ________ the project due to unexpected budget cuts.

23) Scientists are working to ________ a cure for this rare disease.

24) The Galapagos Islands, located in the Pacific Ocean, are known for their unique wildlife that helped Charles Darwin develop his theory of evolution. The islands are home to giant tortoises, marine iguanas, and various species of finches that have adapted to different ecological niches. Due to their isolation, many of these species are found nowhere else on Earth. What is the main idea of this paragraph?

25) Digital technology has transformed education in numerous ways. Online courses have made learning accessible to people regardless of their geographic location. Educational apps and interactive software have created new ways for students to engage with material. ________

26) The teacher asked the students to ________ the difficult passage in the text to understand its meaning.

27) Not only did the novel win several prestigious literary awards, ________.

28) The more we understand about the human brain, ________.

29) Despite the government's efforts to reduce traffic congestion in the city center, ________.

30) (I) Regular physical activity offers numerous health benefits, including improved cardiovascular health and stronger muscles and bones. (II) Exercise also helps control weight and reduces the risk of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer. (III) Many people find it difficult to incorporate regular exercise into their busy schedules. (IV) Professional athletes often train for several hours each day. (V) Additionally, physical activity has been shown to improve mental health by reducing anxiety and depression while enhancing overall mood. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

31) The migration of various bird species is one of nature's most impressive phenomena. These birds travel thousands of kilometers between breeding and wintering grounds, often navigating with remarkable precision. They use multiple cues for navigation, including the position of the sun, stars, and Earth's magnetic field. Some species make the journey in stages, while others fly non-stop for days. Based on the passage, what helps birds navigate during migration?

32) The field of artificial intelligence has progressed rapidly in recent years, with applications ranging from voice assistants to autonomous vehicles. Machine learning algorithms now power recommendation systems, medical diagnostics, and financial forecasting tools. Natural language processing has enabled machines to understand and generate human language with increasing sophistication. Computer vision systems can identify objects, faces, and patterns in images with remarkable accuracy. ________

33) Even though the deadline was extended, ________.

34) Although renewable energy sources are becoming more affordable, ________.

35) The invention of the printing press in the 15th century ________ to a dramatic increase in literacy rates across Europe.

36) According to the passage, how did the ancient Greeks explain creativity? The way we think about creativity has evolved significantly over time. The ancient Greeks believed that creativity was divine inspiration – literally the work of the Muses, goddesses who whispered ideas into the ears of artists and inventors. During the Renaissance, creativity became associated with exceptional individuals – the lone genius whose unique vision changed the world. This romantic notion persisted well into the 20th century.

37) Archaeologists have recently discovered artifacts that ________ new light on ancient civilizations previously thought to be less advanced.

38) The new healthcare initiative aims to improve access to medical services in rural areas where residents often have to travel long distances to receive basic care. The program includes building new clinics, implementing telemedicine solutions, and offering incentives for healthcare professionals to work in underserved communities. ________

39) "The conference was postponed due to unforeseen circumstances." Which sentence has the most similar meaning?

40) Climate change is altering ecosystems at an unprecedented rate. Rising temperatures are causing glaciers to melt, contributing to sea level rise that threatens coastal communities. Changing precipitation patterns are leading to more frequent and severe droughts in some regions and flooding in others. Wildlife is also being affected, with many species struggling to adapt to rapidly changing habitats. Some are shifting their ranges toward cooler areas, while others face possible extinction. Which of the following best summarizes the main point of this passage?

41) "Scientists are concerned about the rapid decline in bee populations." Which of the following sentences has a similar meaning?

42) Despite the abundance of information available online, ________.

43) As technology continues to advance at an unprecedented rate, ________.

44) Artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by improving diagnostic accuracy and ________ treatment plans.

45) Sleep plays a vital role in physical and mental health, yet many people in modern society struggle with sleep deprivation. During sleep, the body repairs tissues, strengthens the immune system, and consolidates memories. Chronic sleep deficiency has been linked to increased risks of heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke. It also affects cognitive functions, impairing attention, decision-making, and creativity. ________

46) Scientists agree that human activities, ________ the burning of fossil fuels, are the primary drivers of this warming trend.

47) Urban planners need to take into account the ________ needs of a diverse population when designing public spaces.

48) Although renewable energy technologies have become more affordable in recent years, ________.

49) Alex: I've been thinking about changing careers. I'm not satisfied with my current job.
Sarah: ________
Alex: I was considering something in digital marketing or web development.
Sarah: Those are growing fields with good opportunities. Have you looked into any training programs?

50) Sustainable agriculture aims to meet society's current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This approach integrates three main objectives: environmental health, economic profitability, and social equity. Sustainable farming practices include crop rotation, reduced tillage, precision farming, and integrated pest management. These methods help preserve soil fertility, conserve water, reduce pollution, and maintain biodiversity while still producing sufficient yields. What is the main purpose of sustainable agriculture according to the passage?

51) In 2015, countries around the world ________ to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.

52) The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century revolutionized the spread of information in Europe. Before this innovation, books were painstakingly copied by hand, making them expensive and accessible to only a privileged few. The printing press allowed for the mass production of books, significantly reducing their cost and increasing their availability. This democratization of knowledge played a crucial role in historical developments such as the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and the Protestant Reformation. What was the most significant impact of the printing press according to the passage?

53) The ancient Egyptians developed a sophisticated writing system known as hieroglyphics. This script consisted of pictorial symbols representing words, sounds, or concepts. For centuries, hieroglyphics remained undecipherable to modern scholars until the discovery of the Rosetta Stone in 1799. ________

54) Climate change is ________ having significant impacts on ecosystems worldwide.

55) (I) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. (II) It takes place primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells, particularly in the leaves. (III) Carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis. (IV) Many animals rely on plants as their primary food source. (V) The process produces glucose as an energy source and oxygen as a byproduct. Which sentence breaks the narrative unity in this paragraph?

56) The artist's new exhibition ________ praise from critics for its innovative approach and thought-provoking themes.

57) The company's decision to reduce its carbon footprint has been recognized with an environmental award.

58) The meeting had to be ________ because several key participants were unable to attend.

59) The concept of sustainable development emerged in the late 20th century as a response to growing concerns about environmental degradation and social inequality. It emphasizes meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development rests on three interconnected pillars: economic growth, environmental protection, and social inclusion. This framework acknowledges that long-term prosperity depends on balancing these sometimes competing priorities. What is the central idea of sustainable development according to the passage?

60) The results of the study highlight the ________ relationship between regular exercise and improved mental health.

61) (I) The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Queensland, Australia, is the world's largest coral reef system. (II) It stretches over 2,300 kilometers and consists of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands. (III) Coral reefs form in warm, shallow waters where sunlight can penetrate to support the algae that live in symbiosis with coral polyps. (IV) Tourism to the Great Barrier Reef contributes approximately $6.4 billion annually to the Australian economy. (V) The reef is home to extraordinary biodiversity, including 1,500 species of fish, 4,000 types of mollusk, and 240 species of birds.

62) Küresel ısınmanın etkileri, özellikle kutup bölgelerinde olmak üzere dünyanın dört bir yanında giderek daha belirgin hale gelmektedir.

63) According to the passage, which technology allows archaeologists to see through dense vegetation? The field of archaeology has undergone a technological revolution in recent decades. Traditional methods of excavation, while still essential, are now complemented by an array of high-tech tools that allow archaeologists to detect and study ancient sites without even breaking ground. Ground-penetrating radar can reveal buried structures; magnetometry can detect subtle variations in the earth's magnetic field caused by human activity; and lidar, which uses laser pulses from aircraft, can see through dense vegetation to map archaeological features over vast areas.

64) The Great Wall of China, stretching over 13,000 miles, was built over centuries by various Chinese dynasties. Construction began in the 7th century BCE during the Zhou dynasty and continued through the Ming dynasty in the 16th century CE. The primary purpose of this massive structure was to protect Chinese states and empires from nomadic invasions from the north. Today, the Great Wall stands as one of the most impressive architectural feats in human history and attracts millions of tourists annually. According to the passage, what was the main reason for building the Great Wall of China?

65) The student was nervous about the presentation but managed to ________ her fear and deliver it confidently.

66) Sleep plays a crucial role in physical health, cognitive function, and emotional well-being. During sleep, the body repairs tissues, strengthens the immune system, and consolidates memories. Chronic sleep deprivation has been linked to numerous health problems, including increased risk of heart disease, obesity, and diabetes. Additionally, lack of adequate sleep can impair judgment, slow reaction time, and affect mood regulation. According to the passage, what is one consequence of insufficient sleep?

67) After the economic crisis, many businesses had to ________ employees to reduce costs.

68) Climate change is one of the greatest challenges ________ by humanity today.

69) Despite these advancements, there are concerns ________ the ethical implications of AI development.

70) Despite all the technological progress we've made in recent decades, ________.

71) The Renaissance, which began in Italy in the 14th century and spread throughout Europe, marked a period of significant cultural, artistic, and scientific advancement. This era saw a renewed interest in classical learning and values from ancient Greece and Rome. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo created masterpieces that embodied Renaissance ideals of humanism and perspective. Meanwhile, scientists questioned traditional beliefs and developed new methods of inquiry. According to the passage, what characterized the Renaissance period?

72) The price of the concert tickets ________ on the seating location and the popularity of the performer.

73) The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface. Water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and rivers due to solar heating, rises into the atmosphere as water vapor, and forms clouds. When the water droplets in clouds grow large enough, they fall back to Earth as precipitation in the form of rain, snow, or hail. Some of this water flows into rivers and ultimately returns to the oceans, while some seeps into the ground as groundwater. What is the primary focus of this paragraph?

74) Customer: I recently purchased this laptop from your store, but it keeps shutting down unexpectedly.
Sales Representative: ________
Customer: Yes, I've tried that several times. It works for a while but then shuts down again.
Sales Representative: In that case, I think we should send it to our technical department for inspection.

75) The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved significantly ________ its inception in the 1950s.

76) Customer: Excuse me, I purchased this laptop here last week, and it keeps shutting down unexpectedly. Store employee: I'm sorry to hear that. Do you have your receipt with you? Customer: Yes, here it is. I've tried troubleshooting the problem myself, but nothing seems to work. Store employee: ________

77) As digital technology continues to evolve, traditional industries must adapt to remain competitive in the changing marketplace.

78) Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant advances in recent years, with applications ranging from voice assistants to medical diagnostics. While these technologies offer numerous benefits, they also raise important ethical questions. Issues such as privacy, algorithmic bias, job displacement, and autonomous decision-making are becoming increasingly relevant as AI systems become more sophisticated and widespread. According to the passage, what is one of the concerns associated with AI development?

79) The implementation of stricter environmental regulations has led to significant improvements in air quality.

80) Despite significant advances in medical research, many rare diseases remain poorly understood, leaving patients and their families with limited treatment options and uncertain prognoses.